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Table of Contents
i.
PREFACE
Acknowledgements
ii.
STARTING TO TRANSLATE
I.
WHAT IS LITURGICAL TRANSLATION?
1.
What is Liturgy?
What Is Worship?
Questions
Answers
2.
What is Translation?
Example 1
Some Definitions for Discussion
Literary Form
Exercise 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Remember
For Further Reading
3.
Review
Questions
Answers
4.
History of Liturgical Texts
5.
History Of Liturgical Translation
6.
Liturgy in Our Language
Introduction
Why Study the Receptor Language Culture?
How to Study Literature in Your Language
How to Study Poetry in Your Language
How to Study Songs in Your Language
How to Study the Culture of Your Own People
Same Form, Different Meaning
What Kinds of Words Need to Be Studied?
Key Terms: Spirit and Soul
Case Study: Spiritual Entities
Other Areas of Meaning That Should Be Studied
Continuing to Study
Writing in Our Language
7.
Review
8.
Types of Translation
Literal and Meaning-Based Translations
9.
What are Liturgical Texts?
Types of Service Books
Holy Scripture
Euchologion
Horologion
Synaxarion
Books of Hymns
Devotional Services
Liturgical Roles
B. Delivery of Texts
10.
Some English Versions of Liturgical Texts
A. Some English Translations of the Bible
B. Some English Translations of Service Books
11.
Review
12.
The Qualities of a Good Translation
A. Accuracy
B. Clarity
C. Naturalness
13.
Liturgical and Biblical Texts in Your Language
14.
Two Steps in Translating
A. Some Terms to Remember
B. From Meaning to Meaning
C. More About Discovering the Meaning
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
15.
Review
16.
More Qualities of a Good Translation
17.
How We Communicate With One Another
18.
Communicating Across Cultures, Across Distances, and Across Time
19.
Review
20.
Module One Review
II.
TRANSLATING THE LANGUAGE OF WORSHIP
1.
Translation Procedures: Overview I
2.
Translation Procedures Overview II
3.
Exploring the Meaning of Words
Meanings That Do Not Match
Words That Have Different Senses
Exercise 4: οἶκος
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Re-Expressing the Meaning of a Word
Words That Include a Component 'Say'
Exercise 7
A Method for Comparing the Meaning of Words
Words That Go Together
Exercise 13
Exercise 14
Checking the Natural Order of Words
Exercise 15
Remember
4.
Review and Practice
5.
Translating Unknown Concepts
A. How to Translate Unknown Ideas - Part One
1. How to Translate Unknown Ideas
i. Use a Descriptive Phrase
Exercise 1
ii. Substitute Something Similar
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
iii. Use a Foreign Word From Another Language
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
iv. Summary
Exercise 8
B. How to Translate Unknown Ideas - Part Two
2. Use a Word That Is More General in Meaning
Exercise 9
Exercise 10
3. Use a Word or Phrase That Is More Specific in Meaning
Exercise 11
Exercise 12
Exercise 13
Exercise 14
Exercise 15
C. Part Three
Exercise 16
Names and Titles
6.
Translating Key Terms
A. Examples
Important
B. Kinds of Special Terms
C. Special Words That Have One Sense
D. How to Translate Special Terms
E. Comparing Words With Similar Meanings
F. Special Words That Have More Than One Sense
7.
Terms That Refer to the Spiritual World
8.
Review and Practice
9.
Event Ideas
A. Examples
B. Exercises
10.
''Of'' Phrases
A. Examples of 'of' Phrases in English
B. Different Relationships
C. The Importance of Context
D. Translating 'of' Phrases
11.
Active and Passive Voice
12.
Review and Practice
13.
Short Cuts (Ellipsis)
14.
Complex Texts
15.
Order of Events
16.
Review and Pracitce
17.
Long and Short Phrases
18.
Figures of Speech-- Comparisons
19.
Idioms
A. What Is an Idiom?
B. How to Translate Idioms
20.
Review and Practice
21.
Module Two Review
III.
PROBLEMS AND PROCEDURES IN LITURGICAL TRANSLATION
1.
Introduction and Review
2.
Rhetorical Questions
3.
Translation Practice
4.
Translation Challenges-- A Review
5.
Discovering Your Language
6.
Principles of Spelling
7.
Translation Practice
8.
Speech Genres
9.
Studying Texts in Your Language
10.
Pronoun Reference
11.
Translation Practice
12.
Studying Your Language
13.
Translation Procedures: Overview I
14.
Translation Procedures Overview II
15.
Translation Practice
16.
Translation Procedures Overview III
17.
Translation Procedures Overview IV
18.
Preparing a Translation Brief
19.
Translation Practice
20.
Module Three Review
IV.
THE LITURGICAL TRANSLATION PROJECT
1.
Step One: Exegesis
2.
Exegesis Practice
3.
Step Two: Making the First Draft
4.
Practice Making a First Draft
5.
Step Three: Supplementary Helps
6.
Practice Using Supplementary Helps
7.
Step Four: Team Check
8.
Practicing a Team Check
9.
Step Five: Community Testing
10.
Practice Community Testing
11.
Step Six Preparing a Back Translation
How to Make a Back Translation
12.
Practice Preparing a Back Translation
Exercise 1
Exercise 3
13.
Step Seven: Checking With a Consultant
14.
Practice a Consultant Check
15.
Steps Nine and Ten: Final Editing and Approval
16.
Practice Final Editing
17.
Planning and Organising
18.
Approval or Revision
19.
Final Review
20.
Conclusion
V.
PART FIVE
1.
The Translation Team
2.
Other Aspects of Planning a Liturgical Translation Project
3.
Qualifications of a Liturgical Translator
5.
What Can We Do to Encourage the Use of Liturgical Translations
12.
Towards Meaningful Translation
13.
Things That Hinder a Message From Being Understood
14.
More About Cross Cultural Differences
15.
Further Exercises on Meaning Based Translation
16.
Finding the Facts
17.
Ways of Providing Background Information
18.
A Natural Translation
A. A Metered Translation
27.
Other Figures of Speech
29.
Making a First Draft Translation
30.
How to Check Your Translation
31.
Ten Ways to Check a Translation
32.
How to Make a Back-Translation
33.
Section Headings
VI.
PART SIX
VII.
PART SEVEN
VIII.
PART EIGHT
IX.
APPENDIX 1
Fixed Hymns at the Divine Liturgy
X.
Only-Begotten Son
X.
Entrance Hymn (Eisodikon)
X.
The Thrice-Holy Hymn
X.
The Cherubic Hymn
Symbol of Faith
Holy, Holy, Holy
We Praise You, We Bless You
Axion Estin
The Lords Prayer
One Is Holy
We Have Seen the True Light
Let Our Mouths Be Filled
Troparia of the Resurrection
Resurrection Apolytikia in the Eight Modes
Dogmatic Theotokia in the Eight Modes
Gladsome Light
Kataksioson
Song of Symeon
X.
APPENDIX 2
Technical Terms
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WHAT IS LITURGICAL TRANSLATION?
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Chapter 14
Two Steps in Translating